Observation of molecular layering in a confined water film and study of the layers viscoelastic properties

A transverse dynamic force microscope, more commonly known as shear force microscope, has been used to investigate confined water films under shear. A cylindrically tapered glass probe was mounted perpendicularly to the sample surface. Pure water was confined between the probe and a freshly cleaved mica surface and a sinusoidal shear strain was applied by setting the probe into transverse oscillation. Repeated measurements of the probe oscillation amplitude and relative phase lag, at different tip-sample separations, exhibited a clear step-like behavior. The periodicity, recorded over several curves, ranged between 2.4 and 2.9 Å, which is similar to the diameter of the water molecule. The in-phase ~elastic! and the out-of-phase ~viscous! stress response of the confined water film was evaluated ~from the experimental data! by assuming a linear viscoelastic behavior. Finally, by modeling the water film with the Maxwell mechanical model, the values for the shear viscosity and shear rigidity were obtained. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1339997#